The College of Cardinals

IN A CONSISTORY held on 21 October 2003, Pope John Paul II inducted 31 new Cardinals of the Catholic Church.

"The Church breathed unity and openess, communion and mission. The College of Cardinals reflected the universality of the Church, the one people of God which had its roots in a multiplicity of nations. For it was Christ who personally explained that the persecution of the apostles and their successors was not an extraordinary fact, once more reminding the cardinals that the red robes they wore indicated their availablility to lay down their lives even unto the shedding of their blood."

The Consistory of 21 October 2003 created the following new cardinals:

Vatican officials:
1. Archbishop Jean-Louis Tauran, 60, France, a Secretariat of State official who deals with foreign affairs.
2. Archbishop Renato Martino, 70, Italy, president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace.
3. Archbishop Francesco Marchisano, 74, Italy, archpriest of the Basilica of St Peter.
4. Archbishop Julián Herranz, 73, Spain, president of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts, member of Opus Dei.
5. Archbishop Javier Lozano Barragán, 70, Mexico, president of the Pontifical Council for Health Care Workers.
6. Archbishop Stephen Hamao, 73, Japan, president of the Pontifical Council for Migrants and Travellers.
7. Attilio Nicora, 66, Italy, president of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See.

Residential archbishops:
8. Archbishop Angelo Scola, Patriarch of Venice, Italy, 61.
9. Archbishop Anthony Olubunmi Okogie of Lagos, Nigeria, 67.
10. Archbishop Bernard Panafieu of Marseilles, France, 72.
11. Archbishop Gabriel Zubeir Wako of Khartoum, Sudan, 62.
12. Archbishop Carlos Amigo Vallejo of Seville, Spain, 69.
13. Archbishop Justin Rigali of Philadelphia, United States, 68.
14. Archbishop Keith O’Brien of St Andrews and Edinburgh, Scotland, 65.
15. Archbishop Eusebio Oscar Scheid of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 70.
16. Archbishop Ennio Antonelli of Florence, Italy, 66.
17. Archbishop Tarcisio Bertone of Genoa, Italy, 68.
18. Archbishop Peter Turkson of Cape Coast, Ghana, 54.
19. Archbishop Telesphore Toppo of Ranchi, India, 63.
20. Archbishop George Pell of Sydney, Australia, 62.
21. Archbishop Josip Bozanic of Zagreb, Croatia, 54.
22. Archbishop Jean-Baptiste Pham Minh Man of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 69.
23. Archbishop Rodolfo Quezada Toruño of Guatemala City, Guatemala, 71.
24. Archbishop Philippe Barbarin of Lyon, France, 52.
25. Archbishop Péter Erdö of Esztergom-Budapest, Hungary, 51.
26. Archbishop Marc Ouellet of Quebec, Canada, 59.

Elderly priests, named cardinals, who all have personal ties to the Pope:
27. Georges Cottier, 81, Swiss Dominican, a theologian of the pontifical household" since 1989.
28. Mgr Gustaaf Joos, 80, a Belgian moral theologian who was a classmate of the Pope at the Pontifical Belgian College in the 1940s.
29. Fr Tomas Spidlik, 83, a Czech Jesuit expert in Eastern spirituality who led the Pope’s Lenten retreat in 1995.
30. Fr Stanislas Nagy, an 81-year-old Polish Dehonian theologian, taught with the Pope at Lublin University in Poland, was appointed to the International Theological Commission and served as an adviser to two synods of bishops.

31. Cardinal named in pectore.

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